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2

Basis for dam safety level assessment in Hanoi city based on current data status of earth dam monitoring

Nguyen Huu Hue1, Nguyen Huu Thanh1

1. Thuyloi University

According to general assessments in the world as well as in Vietnam, one of the main causes of dam failures is seepage and structural instability. Monitoring equipment arranged in the dam body plays an important role in providing information to help operations managers early identify risks and have timely treatment plans. However, dams in Hanoi city have only installed water level monitoring equipment and a few reservoirs have installed saturation line monitoring equipment in the dam body. To make the most of existing monitoring data, the article presents the results of assessing the level of dam safety in the city according to the current status of earth dam monitoring data for 2 typical cases, including: (i) The project is installed with water level monitoring equipment. Through dam inspection, seepage appears on the downstream slope of the dam, outside the drainage equipment; (ii) The project is synchronously installed with water level monitoring equipment and saturation line monitoring equipment in the dam body.

Keywords: Dam monitoring, dam safety, dam safety level, Hanoi reservoir dam

10

Mechanism and policy to support the installation of low-cost equipment on water storage, treatment and supply for rural domestic water for small household and residential clusters in the coastal provinces of the Mekong Delta

Nguyen Duc Viet1, Nguyen Van Tinh2

1. Department of Water Resources,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

2. Institute of Water Resources Planning,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Ensuring domestic water sources for thousands of households in the Mekong Delta is one of the urgent needs. There are many people in coastal areas still have to directly use the canal water and underground water of poor quality for daily activities, especially during periods of drought, water shortage and salinity intrusion. There are a number of domestic water treatment technologies are products of scientific research that basically meet criteria such as investment cost, low operating costs, easy management, and simple maintenance. However, for those technologies to be put into practice, suitable for the living, economic and social conditions of the coastal provinces in Mekong delta and capable of being replicated, it is necessary to have specific mechanisms and policies. Based on a review of existing mechanisms and policies, this article has analyzed and proposed a number of policies to support the construction and installation of rain and surface water collection, storage and treatment equipment to proactively supply water for rural households and small residential clusters during periods of drought, water shortage, and salinity intrusion in the coastal provinces of the Mekong Delta.

Keyworks: Domestic water policies, rural domestic water, household, residential clusters

18

Several features of dam break wave dynamics at the reservoir upstream in case of a concrete dam break

Bui Van Huu1, Le Van Nghi1

1. Key Laboratory of River and Coastal Engineering, Vietnam Academy for Water Resources

When a concrete dam failure occurs, negative reverse waves often appear at upstream and positive forward waves appear at downstream. This article presents several hydrodynamic characteristics of dam break wave dynamics at the reservoir upstream in case of a concrete dam breaks. Results obtained from computational research using 3D mathematical models with the RNG k-ε turbulence flow model, show that at upstream there is a pair of negative reverse waves in front and positive waves behind.

Keywords: Dam break wave dynamics, concrete dam failure

28

Review of regulations and policy for circular economics application in water and sanitation management for climate resilience in Vietnam

Dinh Van Dao1, Pham Hung2

1. Institute for Water Resources Economics and Management

2. Vietnam Academy of Water Resources

An essential responsibility in achieving the goals of water resource security strategies is efficient management, water-saving use, and water resource protection. In rural areas, the main issues were the high rate of inefficient water supply systems and water losses, as well as the fact that domestic water waste management is still out of control and water resources are contaminated. One of the causes was the absence of appropriate economic models that might guide the development of the water supply in a sustainable and effective manner. This essay discussed how circular economics could be used to manage rural water supplies. Reviews of the literature on policies, circular economics applications worldwide, and its adaptation in water supply management suggested potential circular economics principles for the water supply sector. They were 3R, which stood for Reduce, Re-use, and Recover. The incentive policy mechanisms for circular economics in water supply in Vietnam were not synchronized, and they were regulated in many relevant law documents. As a result, it was required to put forward a plan for rural water supply management based on the principles of the circular economy, which included developing scientific research, establishing regulations, and defining indicators for reducing, reusing, and recovering water resources.

Keywords: Circular economics, rural water supply, reduce, re-use, recover.

38

Innovation in Bac Nam Ha hydraulic works exploitation single-member limited liability company

Nguyen Dinh Ninh1, Nguyen Hong Khanh1

1. Department of Water Resources,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Bac Nam Ha Hydraulic Works Exploitation single-member limited liability company has managed and exploited one of the largest hydraulic work systems in the Red River Delta region. In recent years, the company has boldly innovated the way of project management and exploitation, water management and financial management. Subsequently, it effectively serves agricultural production, people's lives and the environment deserving to be the industry leader.

Keywords: Bac Nam Ha, Six large pumping stations, hydraulic works exploitation, management innovation

45

Research on the characteristics and appropriate irrigation requirement for the growth stages of banana

Ngo Van Quan1, Bui Xuan Khoa1

1. Thuyloi University

Banana is a fruit crop, characterized by a soft, cylindrical stem; the foliage is long, translucent, green, and smooth, cluster roots that go deep underground and grow over time. In Vietnam, banana trees are listed as the main crops and bring high economic value. Like some other fruit crops, bananas have growth characteristics divided into four main periods. Depending on each stage of development, bananas have different irrigation requirements. Currently, the demand for banana products in the world is very high; the potential for banana export is an opportunity to develop the agricultural economy in particular and the country's economic development in general. However, the productivity and quality of banana crop depends on many factors, some of which are the main factors such as soil, seedling quality, pests and diseases, and especially an appropriate irrigation requirement for the growth stages of banana. Therefore, in this study, we focused on determining the appropriate irrigation regime for the growth stages of banana crops to improve yield and product quality.

The research results determined that on one hectare of bananas with 2,000 trees, the amount of water required for the entire period is 1.578,67 m3/ha. Besides, the results also showed that the water demand for each growth stage is different; that is the highest water demand at the stage of banana flowering and fruit raising with an irrigation requirement of up to 18.62 liters/tree/time, while the young tree stage has the lowest water demand with an irrigation requirement of only 4.3 liters/tree/time.

Keywords: Banana, In vitro, irrigation requirement, water demand

56

Building a reasonable irrigation with fertilizing process for Hung Yen orange trees in Phu Cu district, Hung Yen province

Nguyen Quang Phi1, Ha Thi Quyen2

Duong Thi Kim Thư3, Nguyen Gia Vuong3,

Hoang Thi Na3, Nguyen Thi Xuan Thuy3

1. Thuyloi University

2. University of Engineering and Technology -
Vietnam National University, Hanoi

3. Institute for Water and Environment –
Vietnam Academy for Water Resources

Hung Yen orange trees, a type of orange that come from “Vinh oranges”, which was cultivated in Hung Yen province, is one of the key fruit crops that is researched, planned and developed in priority by the government of Hung Yen province with purpose to become the brand name "Hung Yen oranges". Currently, the Hung Yen orange trees is cultivated in 8 of 10 districts/cities in the province grown most in Phu Cu district. Cultivation techniques of farmer (irrigation, fertilizing, etc.) for Hung Yen orange trees are mainly implemented by their experience then the productivity and quality of Hung Yen orange are affected. In the context reasonable irrigation with fertilizing process has been applied successfully in concentrated orange cultivation areas in the Northern Mountainous, North Central, Southeast regions… in Vietnam, the research on building a reasonable irrigation with fertilizing process for Hung Yen orange trees to solved mentioned above problems has very high practical significance. This paper presents the results of research on building a reasonable irrigation with fertilizing process for Hung Yen orange trees in its business period. The results show that with irrigation rates of 50¸60 (liters/tree/times) and 35¸40 times /year, using irrigation technique with fertilizing, orange productivity increases by at least 20%, reduction of fertilizer by 15%¸20%, saving labor and electricity costs... in comparation with traditional methods. The process has been approved by the Department of Science and Technology of Hung Yen province and is recommended for application for Hung Yen orange cultivation throughout the province.

Keywords: Hung Yen orange, saving-water irrigation, drip irrigation, fertilizing

65

Restoring and conserving traditional rural landscape: International experience and lessons for Vietnam

Pham Chi Trung1, Nguyen Linh Giang1, Nguyen Tien Phu2

[1]. Center for Training and International Cooperation
Vietnam Academy for Water Resources

2. Institute of water resources engineering – Thuy loi Universty

The landscape question has never been as pressing in the historical development of the rural as today. Landscape loss, traditional landscape conflicts with urbanization, new countryside construction and lack of vision for plans to restore and conserve rural landscapes have become increasingly frequent problems over the past two decades. The problems around the keeping or changing landscape have contributed to larger economic, social, and environmental problems affecting the rural areas and new countryside construction, primarily space and soil for production and residential land, social differentiation, poverty, deforestation, lost green space, water surface and environmental degradation... At the same time, they have been due to a combination of multiple causes.

The strong impact of the urbanization process has made the face of the traditional rural landscape has undergone many major changes, the process of village hardening has disrupted the spatial structure and landscape, negatively affecting the cultural values of the village, as well as the goal of sustainable rural development in Vietnam. This paper highlights the experiences in restoring and conserving traditional landscape of some countries around the world and lessons for Vietnam.

Keywords: New rural construction, international experience, restoring and conserving traditional rural landscape

80

Method of simulation of dam  model

Bui Van Huu1, Le Van Nghi1

1. Key Laboratory of River and Coastal Engineering, Vietnam Academy for Water Resources

Dam failure is a risky phenomenon beyond human subjective will. The damage and impact caused by dam failure is huge. However, calculating and predicting the characteristics of dam failure is very difficult and complicated. The problem of dam failure has been studied hundreds of years ago using many methods such as physical models, mathematical models, actual statistics...., However, the research method using physical models still proves to be effective, has advantages and is increasingly being improved. This article presents simulation methods of two types of dams: local material dams and concrete dams (roller compacted concrete and gravity concrete).

Keywords: Dam failure, simulation

89

Solutions to improve governance quality of the irrigation management companies

Tran Chi Trung1, Nguyen Xuan Thinh1, Nguyen Van Kien1

1. PIM Center – Vietnam Academy For Water Resources

In general, irrigation management companies have had innovations in organization, management mechanism for exploitation irrigation systems creating favorable conditions for more effective performance of irrigation systems, closer to reality water demand of water users, however, governance quality of the irrigation management companies is generally low. Governance for management organization lacks science, so production costs are still high, fuel consumption is high, and labor productivity is low. This study proposes solutions to improve organizational structure and several governance mechanisms to improve governance quality of the irrigation management companies.

Keywords: Organizational structure, governance mechanisms, enterprise governance.

98

Study of auto-calibration and validation
method on swat model in river basin

Ngo Van Quan1

1. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Thuyloi University

The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) has been widely used. It is a semi-distributed hydrological model built to simulate the effects of land use management and climatic factors on water source, sediment and organic matter content in river basin system with soil types, with different land use conditions for a period or forecast for a long time. Besides its outstanding advantages, the SWAT model also requires a large number of input parameters, the process of parameterizing, calibrating and verifying the model with manual methods is facing many difficulties in the implementation process. This is an extremely important step to evaluate the accuracy of simulation model results, however, with a large number of parameters and complexity across sub-basins, changing and detection each parameter to determine the sensitivity in the process of calibration and validation really takes a lot of time and affects the quality of the model. Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to focus on detailed research on the method of auto-calibration and validation the model to reduce time, volume and improve the quality of the model to determine the highest sensitivity parameters and influence in the model

The SWAT model result was calibrated and validated by comperison of observed data against simulated of monthly streamflow where parameters were adjusted based on the sensitivity analysis in auto-calibration methods. The research results provide a useful method with powerful tools, saving time and effort to increase the quality, consistency and accuracy of the model.

Keywords: Auto-Calibration, Validation, Hydrology model, Nakdong river basin

111

Investigating the behavior of steel beam with web openings using sap2000 software in steel structure works

Pham Nguyen Hoang1, Nguyen Quang Phu1

1. Thuyloi University

In this article, we investigate experimentally and numerically the performance of beams with web openings when subjected to two concentrated loads acting on the upper flange of the beam. Indicators such as: deflection between beams, stress at the edge of the hole, stress at the upper flange of the beam, etc.  were measured during the experiment campaign. At the same time, numerical simulation of the experiment was performed using SAP2000 software. The numerical simulation analysis using SAP2000 software and experiment show very similar results. It can be concluded that numerical simulations using SAP2000 software can predict with high reliability and anticipate dangerous locations when designing with less cost than surveying by experiment.

Keywords: Steel beam with web openings, SAP2000